大渡河上游丹巴地区地质灾害的地貌分维特征解析

地貌对地质灾害的分布、类型、规模与危害等特征具有重要的影响,宏观及微观地貌指标均能在一定程度上刻画其作用特征。应用高分辨率遥感影像详细解译崩塌和滑坡灾害,采用高精度DEM和滑动窗口技术提取地貌分维特征,并用其解析灾害分布的地貌特征。结果表明:灾害体的内部与后壁、前缘、侧壁和邻区均表现出较为明显的分异性,崩塌的微地貌分异特征较之滑坡显著,大型、厚层、老(古)崩塌及滑坡分异特征更为突出。计算地貌分维值可有效识别与其同时期的或更早的地质灾害,也可间接挖掘新发生灾害的微地貌复杂性和离散性。     

Ten ways remote sensing can contribute to conservation

In an effort to increase conservation effectiveness through the use of Earth observation technologies, a group of remote sensing scientists affiliated with government and academic institutions and conservation organizations identified 10 questions in conservation for which the potential to be answered would be greatly increased by use of remotely sensed data and analyses of those data. Our goals were to increase conservation practitioners’ use of remote sensing to support their work, increase collaboration between the conservation science and remote sensing communities, identify and develop new and innovative uses of remote sensing for advancing conservation science, provide guidance to space agencies on how future satellite missions can support conservation science, and generate support from the public and private sector in the use of remote sensing data to address the 10 conservation questions. We identified a broad initial list of questions on the basis of an email chain‐referral survey. We then used a workshop‐based iterative and collaborative approach to whittle the list down to these final questions (which represent 10 major themes in conservation): How can global Earth observation data be used to model species distributions and abundances? How can remote sensing improve the understanding of animal movements? How can remotely sensed ecosystem variables be used to understand, monitor, and predict ecosystem response and resilience to multiple stressors? How can remote sensing be used to monitor the effects of climate on ecosystems? How can near real‐time ecosystem monitoring catalyze threat reduction, governance and regulation compliance, and resource management decisions? How can remote sensing inform configuration of protected area networks at spatial extents relevant to populations of target species and ecosystem services? How can remote sensing‐derived products be used to value and monitor changes in ecosystem services? How can remote sensing be used to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of conservation efforts? How does the expansion and intensification of agriculture and aquaculture alter ecosystems and the services they provide? How can remote sensing be used to determine the degree to which ecosystems are being disturbed or degraded and the effects of these changes on species and ecosystem functions?     

遥感技术在环境监测中的应用研究

随着经济的发展出现了很多环境问题。遥感技术能够准确、快速的获取相关的环境信息,这已经成为现阶段我国环境监测的主要手段。本文主要对遥感技术在环境监测各个领域中的运用进行研究。     

辽宁矿山固体废弃物对环境影响遥感调查分析

辽宁矿种繁多,矿山固体废弃物产出量巨大。为了加强生态环境建设,在矿山固体废弃物对生态环境影响遥感调查的基础上,论述了矿山固体废弃物调查对象与内容、技术路线与工作方法,并分析了辽宁矿山固体废弃物产出量及矿山固体废弃物对环境的影响。     

鄂尔多斯盆地植被覆盖动态监测与评价

基于像元分解模型,利用LANDSATNDVI数据,估算了鄂尔多斯盆地2002年7月和2010年7月植被覆盖度,以量化和可视化的形式分析了鄂尔多斯盆地2002年一2010年间植被覆盖度的时空变化特征,探寻了引起植被覆盖度变化的驱动因素。结果表明：2002年一2010年鄂尔多斯盆地植被覆盖度变化明显,平均覆盖度增加了7．35％,改善和明显改善面积增加了35．67％,退化和明显退化面积增加了1．49％。研究区植被覆盖度增加的主要原因是降雨量的增加和一系列生态建设工程的实施;减少的主要原因是恶劣的生态环境和过度的能源开发活动。     

城市绿色空间及对城市热岛效应的影响

采用遥感技术结合实地测定的研究方法,利用1987年至2001年遥感卫星影像数据,建立了北京市不同年份的城市绿色空间专题图和热岛分布图,分析了13年中北京城市绿色空间及热岛效应的演变特点,评价了城市发展及城市绿化对热岛效应的影响。结果表明:受城市化的影响,14年中北京城市绿色空间变化明显,城市热岛效应也随之发生明显变化;随着城市建设范围的扩大,原有自然植被不断减少,热岛影响范围随之扩大;随着市区内的绿化建设,绿色空间总量增加,热岛效应有缓解的趋势。     

浅析物联网在环保产业中的应用

随着国际经济的迅速发展,物联网技术的发展呈现出不可阻挡的势头。本文阐述了物联网的概念和发展趋势,并从环保产业领域切入,探讨了物联网技术在环保产业领域的应用意义,通过物联网技术在环保产业中的应用案例,指出物联网技术在环保产业上的应用与发展是必然趋势。     

Use of Habitats as Surrogates of Biodiversity for Efficient Coral Reef Conservation Planning in Pacific Ocean Islands

Abstract: Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been highlighted as a means toward effective conservation of coral reefs. New strategies are required to more effectively select MPA locations and increase the pace of their implementation. Many criteria exist to design MPA networks, but generally, it is recommended that networks conserve a diversity of species selected for, among other attributes, their representativeness, rarity, or endemicity. Because knowledge of species’ spatial distribution remains scarce, efficient surrogates are urgently needed. We used five different levels of habitat maps and six spatial scales of analysis to identify under which circumstances habitat data used to design MPA networks for Wallis Island provided better representation of species than random choice alone. Protected‐area site selections were derived from a rarity–complementarity algorithm. Habitat surrogacy was tested for commercial fish species, all fish species, commercially harvested invertebrates, corals, and algae species. Efficiency of habitat surrogacy varied by species group, type of habitat map, and spatial scale of analysis. Maps with the highest habitat thematic complexity provided better surrogates than simpler maps and were more robust to changes in spatial scales. Surrogates were most efficient for commercial fishes, corals, and algae but not for commercial invertebrates. Conversely, other measurements of species‐habitat associations, such as richness congruence and composition similarities provided weak results. We provide, in part, a habitat‐mapping methodology for designation of MPAs for Pacific Ocean islands that are characterized by habitat zonations similar to Wallis. Given the increasing availability and affordability of space‐borne imagery to map habitats, our approach could appreciably facilitate and improve current approaches to coral reef conservation and enhance MPA implementation.     

基于RS和GIS的山东省17城市生态环境质量动态变化研究

运用遥感动态监测与地理信息系统技术相结合的方法,以2005年和2009年遥感解译数据、土地侵蚀数据及环境统计数据为数据源,依据《生态环境状况评价技术规范(试行)》(HJ/T192-2006),对山东省17个城市生态环境质量现状及动态变化趋势进行了评价。结果表明:2009年17个城市生态环境状况指数在59.81～78.08之间,生态环境质量状况总体良好;2005-2009年17城市生态环境状况指数变化值在0.06～3.5之间,生态环境质量状况基本稳定。     

遥感技术在基层环境监测单位的常见应用

卫星遥感成为环境监测的新手段,基层环保部门由于受技术装备、知识储备、资金的限制,只能开展部分工作。文章介绍了常见的数据源,基层单位可开展的常见工作及取得的工作经验。期望为广大环保基层单位在现有条件下开展遥感环境监测工作提供参考。